As proposals to help save local journalism gathered dust in Congress and mostly fizzled in state legislatures over the last year, 136 more newspapers closed, according to a new report.

More than half of U.S. counties are now news deserts, leaving 50 million Americans with little to no local reporting on their communities, according to the State of Local News 2025 report by Northwestern University’s Medill School.

It found 213 counties now have no local news outlet and 1,524 have only one, usually a weekly newspaper.

The periodic report raised national alarm when it first documented the severity of America’s local-news crisis in 2016, when the project was at the University of North Carolina.

Although it’s not perfect and draws barbs from some quarters, the news desert report continues to anchor conversations among policymakers, industry leaders, advocates and others working to save local journalism.

The report draws on 20 years of data tracing “the arc of historic change that we’re all living through in the local media industry,” Tim Franklin, Medill’s local news chair, said during its rollout Monday.

“As I wrote in my introduction for this year’s report, this really is the culmination of wrenching retraction, inspirational creation and unceasing transformation,” he said.

In recent years the report broadened to include digital-news sites, public broadcasters and other outlets but much of it details the decline of newspapers, which continue to fail at an average of two per week.

Newspapers remain “the backbone of the American media ecosystem, and are more numerous than all other media types combined,” it states.

In previous years, newspaper closures were often the result of chains consolidating and shutting papers.

This year, researchers found more independent, locally owned and family-owned newspapers are closing.

“And of course, those are the very people, very owners, that you want in local news — those that have been doing it for decades, those who are committed to the community, passionate about local news and informing their communities,” Franklin said. “And many of those folks over the course of the past year have simply succumbed to the economic pressures.”

The report, led by Medill’s Zach Metzger, tallied 8,000 news outlets, including 5,428 remaining newspapers.

Since 2005 nearly 3,500 U.S. newspapers closed, a 39% decline.

Consolidation over two decades left 53% of newspapers owned by chains. Dailies are more consolidated, with fewer than 15% now independently owned.

During that period newspaper employment plunged 75%, from 365,460 to 91,500 jobs, through 2024, per the latest federal data.

In Washington, the report counted 98 local newspapers, down from 103 in 2024. It found 20 digital news sites, 18 ethnic media outlets and nine public broadcasting stations. Asotin County, in the southeast corner, is deemed a news desert with zero local outlets although it’s covered by The Lewiston Tribune in Idaho.

Oregon was found to have 62 newspapers, down from 66 in 2024. Wasco, Sherman and Wheeler counties were deemed news deserts.

Wasco County’s newspaper, The Dalles Chronicle, closed in 2020 when it and the White Salmon Enterprise merged with the Hood River News. The combined paper, Columbia Gorge News, is now a weekly with around 5,000 print subscribers.

“We do have an office in The Dalles but it’s true, it’s hardly ever staffed,” the News publisher and owner, Chelsea Marr, told me.

Marr, who was previously publisher of The Dalles and Hood River papers, acquired them in 2020 (“April Fool’s to be exact”) from a chain that was shutting them down. She employs four full-time journalists, two part-timers and freelancers to cover counties on both sides of the Columbia River, including Wasco.

To bolster local journalism and prevent further closures, Oregon’s Legislature nearly passed a bill that would require Google and other tech giants profiting from news to compensate local outlets, paying a total of $122 million yearly. It failed in June, even though Google was by then a convicted monopolist, found to have harmed publishers with illegal conduct in digital advertising.

“It would have helped tremendously,” Marr said. “The business is very up and down. You just hope that you’re going to end up in a positive (return); there’s some months you don’t.”

Medill’s report found 685 online-only news outlets nationally, a gain of 23 over the last year. That included startups and newspapers that quit printing and became online only, like The Star-Ledger in New Jersey.

Also counted this year were 54 “network digital sites,” a term that includes online chains and aggregators like Axios and Patch, that operate 849 local sites.

The report examined philanthropy supporting local journalism. A variety of outlets received grants. Yet its review of the 10,000 largest journalism grants over the last five years found 98% of the dollars went to organizations in urban areas, even though news deserts are mostly in suburban and rural places.

“It’s really leaving the small, rural operations at the highest risk,” said Heidi Wright, a former publisher who is now president of the nonprofit Fund for Oregon Rural Journalism.

It’s not entirely bleak. The report highlights “bright spots,” including a dozen successful local outlets. Among them are the online outlet BikePortland, the Houston Chronicle newspaper and Lookout Local online outlets in Eugene, Ore., and Santa Cruz, Calif.

But the coming year will stress the entire industry and could make next year’s report a doozy. Inflation is pushing operating costs higher. That’s happening as web traffic, which outlets need to grow revenue, is being siphoned off by AI platforms

The report noted web traffic to the largest 100 newspapers fell more than 45% in the last four years.

“It is a challenging time,” said Dean Ridings, CEO of the America’s Newspapers trade group, “and it may get worse, absolutely.”

I must disclose that I recently worked with Medill’s Local News Initiative on a story about outlets finding ways to survive and remain independent. I wasn’t involved in producing the report, only the story drawing on its findings. It will appear in a few weeks.

This is excerpted from the free, weekly Voices for a Free Press newsletter. Sign up to receive it at the Save the Free Press website, st.news/SavetheFreePress. Seattle Times’ Brier Dudley is the editor of the Free Press Initiative, which aims to inform the public about issues facing newspapers, local news coverage, and a free press. You can learn more about the Free Press Initiative, or sign up for a newsletter, at https://company.seattletimes.com/save-the-free-press/.